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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

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Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Kinship structures create persistent channels for language transmission.

J Stephen Lansing1,2,3, Cheryl Abundo2,4, Guy S Jacobs2

  • 1Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501; jlansing@ntu.edu.sg.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kinship systems shape population genetics and language evolution. In eastern Indonesia, kinship rules channeled language transmission along uniparental lines, influencing both gene and language phylogenies over generations.

Keywords:
coevolutioncultural evolutionkinshiplanguagepopulation genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Population Genetics
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Kinship systems are crucial for social structure and cultural transmission.
  • Understanding the interplay between kinship, genetics, and language evolution is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how kinship systems influence the genetic and linguistic structure of populations.
  • To examine the role of kinship-based social networks in language transmission and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cophylogenies of genes and languages in 982 individuals from 25 villages in eastern Indonesia.
  • Examination of traditional kinship rules and postmarital residence patterns.

Main Results:

  • Kinship channels were found to facilitate persistent movements between stable speech communities.
  • Evidence supports languages being channeled along uniparental lines due to specific kinship rules.
  • Generational cohesion of relatives, coupled with inter-group marriage, shaped gene and language phylogenies.

Conclusions:

  • Kinship systems play a significant role in shaping the genetic and linguistic makeup of populations.
  • Consistent adherence to postmarital residence rules can transform social communities into distinct speech communities.