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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

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A multiphysics approach for modeling early atherosclerosis.

M P Thon1, A Hemmler1, A Glinzer2

  • 1Mechanics and High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Parkring 35, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models early atherosclerosis, revealing pulsatile blood flow significantly impacts disease progression, while aortic compliance has minimal effect. The developed model simulates key interactions and vessel changes.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCardiovascular mechanicsFluid–structure interactionGrowth and remodelingHemodynamicsMultiphysicsPulsatile flow

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Intravascular Ultrasound Image-Based Finite Element Modeling Approach for Quantifying In Vivo Mechanical Properties of Human Coronary Artery
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Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus
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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis involves complex, multi-scale processes.
  • Understanding early disease stages is crucial for intervention.
  • Existing models often lack integrated multi-scale dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive mathematical model for early atherosclerosis.
  • To integrate cardiovascular mechanics, low-density lipoprotein transport, and cellular responses.
  • To investigate the influence of hemodynamic factors on disease initiation and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Fluid-structure interaction modeling for blood flow and arterial walls.
  • Coupled advection-diffusion-reaction equations for lipoprotein transport.
  • Novel growth and remodeling formulation triggered by foam cell accumulation.
  • Calibration and validation using a murine-specific case study.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully integrates multi-scale processes in early atherosclerosis.
  • Endothelial permeability is modulated by wall-shear stress, influencing foam cell accumulation.
  • Pulsatile blood flow was identified as a critical factor in atherosclerotic development.
  • Aortic wall compliance showed a minor influence on the simulated atherosclerotic process.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a robust framework for studying atherosclerosis dynamics.
  • Hemodynamic forces, particularly pulsatile flow, play a significant role in initiating and driving atherosclerosis.
  • The model can predict vessel lumen narrowing and adaptive changes in endothelial permeability.