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Leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies.

Antonio Pérez-Pérez1, Ayelén Toro2, Teresa Vilariño-García1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Leptin, a hormone from fat and placenta, is vital for reproduction and pregnancy. Its levels are linked to pregnancy complications like pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes.

Keywords:
gestational diabetesgrowth restrictionleptinplacentapolycystic ovary syndromepre-eclampsiarecurrent miscarriagereproduction

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Leptin is a key signaling molecule in the reproductive system.
  • The placenta is a significant source of leptin in humans.
  • Leptin regulates crucial reproductive processes including implantation and placentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current information on leptin's role in normal and pathological pregnancies.
  • To highlight leptin's significance in reproductive disorders.
  • To explore leptin as a potential predictor for pregnancy complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on leptin in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of leptin's functions in placental cells.
  • Correlation of leptin levels with pregnancy-related diseases.

Main Results:

  • Leptin modulates placental cell proliferation, protein synthesis, invasion, and apoptosis.
  • Deregulation of leptin is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, recurrent miscarriage, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
  • Placental leptin acts in autocrine and paracrine manners to regulate placental functions.

Conclusions:

  • Leptin is crucial for early pregnancy stages.
  • Altered leptin levels are implicated in various reproductive and gestational disorders.
  • Leptin may serve as an important factor and predictor for pregnancy complications.