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Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry01:23

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Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...
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Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
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Assessing Hypervalency in Iodanes.

András Stirling1

  • 1Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hypervalent iodane compounds are not hypervalent, contrary to common belief. Theoretical analysis reveals iodine can be hypovalent, explaining their reactivity through charge separation.

Keywords:
QM/MM simulationshypervalent statehypovalent stateiodanesoctet rule

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Theoretical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Hypervalent iodane compounds are widely used as reactants and oxidizing agents in organic synthesis.
  • Their reactivity is often attributed to a hypervalent state of the central iodine atom.
  • This perceived hypervalency is a common explanation for their versatile chemical behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze the electronic structure of hypercoordinated iodane compounds.
  • To investigate the actual valence state of iodine in these molecules.
  • To elucidate the electronic origins of their reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of the electronic structure.
  • Theoretical calculations on a diverse set of hypercoordinated iodane compounds.
  • Examination of iodine's valence state and charge distribution.

Main Results:

  • The central iodine atom in these compounds is not hypervalent.
  • Iodine's valence state varies from an octet to a hypovalent state, influenced by ligands.
  • Reactivity is driven by significant charge separation, not hypervalency.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional view of hypervalency in these iodine compounds is inaccurate.
  • Charge separation, arising from a balance of forces, dictates their reactivity.
  • Hypovalency in extreme cases enhances the reactivity of these versatile reagents.