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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

801
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Related Experiment Video

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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Managing anaesthetic provision for global disasters.

R M Craven1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

British Journal of Anaesthesia
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

International disaster response is improving with coordination by the World Health Organization (WHO). Anaesthetists face unique challenges in field hospitals, requiring specialized disaster response training for effective surgical care.

Keywords:
anaesthesiacritical caredisastersdisease outbreaksearthquakesemergencieswarfare

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Area of Science:

  • Disaster medicine
  • Global health
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Increasing global disaster frequency necessitates robust international medical response.
  • Uncoordinated past responses led to variable care standards and unmet needs.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) now coordinates Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) with defined standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the disaster context and its logistical challenges for medical teams.
  • To outline the anaesthetist's role and challenges in Level 2 Surgical Field Hospitals.
  • To highlight improvements and future directions in international disaster response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of disaster response evolution and coordination efforts.
  • Analysis of the anaesthetist's scope of practice in disaster settings.
  • Discussion of challenges in natural disasters, conflict, and infectious outbreaks.

Main Results:

  • A shift from uncoordinated to WHO-coordinated disaster response with established EMT standards.
  • Anaesthetists require adapted techniques and broader skills for field hospital deployment.
  • Significant progress in response speed, equipment, coordination, and training.

Conclusions:

  • International disaster response has become more coordinated and standardized.
  • Anaesthetists play a critical role in field hospitals, necessitating specific disaster training.
  • Future efforts should focus on local capacity building, international training standards, and data collection.