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In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
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Changes of lumbar posture and tissue loading during static trunk bending.

Faisal Alessa1, Xiaopeng Ning2

  • 1Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Human Movement Science
|November 22, 2017
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Summary

Static trunk bending increases lumbar spine flexion and passive moment, reducing muscle activity. This shift may prevent fatigue but could lead to passive tissue creep with repeated exposure.

Keywords:
CreepFatigueLumbar flexionStatic trunk bending

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Occupational Health
  • Spine Physiology

Background:

  • Static trunk bending is a known occupational risk factor for lower back pain (LBP).
  • Previous research often assumed stable spine biomechanics during short-duration bending tasks.
  • Understanding lumbar spine responses during sustained static bending is crucial for LBP prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical alterations in the lumbar spine during sustained, short-duration (40-second) static trunk bending.
  • To assess changes in lumbar flexion, passive moment, and muscle activity under varying trunk angles and load conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen participants undertook 40-second static trunk bending tasks.
  • Tasks were performed at two trunk angles (30° and 60°).
  • Two hand load levels were applied (0 kg and 6.8 kg).

Main Results:

  • Lumbar flexion and passive moment significantly increased during the 40-second bending tasks.
  • Lumbar and abdominal muscle activity generally decreased across most tested conditions.
  • A notable shift in loading from active to passive spinal tissues was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Short-duration static trunk bending induces a natural shift in load-bearing from lumbar muscles to passive spinal structures.
  • This mechanism may mitigate active muscle fatigue accumulation.
  • However, sustained or repetitive exposure could potentially lead to lumbar passive tissue creep and associated risks.