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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization.

Steven A Hawks1, Jennifer M Knipe1, Patrick G Campbell1

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.

Water Research
|November 22, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new capacitive deionization (CDI) loss mechanism, flow efficiency, impacts performance by re-salinating desalinated water. Minimizing this requires balancing flow rate and effluent concentration for optimal water purification.

Keywords:
CDICapacitive deionizationCapacitive desalinationFlow efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technology for water desalination.
  • Existing performance models often overlook certain operational loss mechanisms.
  • Understanding all loss factors is crucial for optimizing CDI efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify a previously unappreciated loss mechanism in CDI cycling.
  • To introduce the concept of 'flow efficiency' as a distinct performance parameter.
  • To develop a model for predicting and mitigating this flow-related loss.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of water re-salination during CDI cycling.
  • Introduction and definition of the 'flow efficiency' parameter.
  • Experimental validation using a flow-through electrode CDI device under constant current.

Main Results:

  • A significant loss mechanism due to immediate desorption after adsorption was identified.
  • Flow efficiency was shown to be distinct from and multiplicative with adsorption efficiencies.
  • Model predictions demonstrated excellent agreement with experimental results for flow efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Flow efficiency is a critical, previously unappreciated factor in CDI performance.
  • Minimizing flow losses involves a trade-off between flow rate and effluent concentration.
  • The developed model provides researchers with tools to estimate and manage this loss.