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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
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Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

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Exogenous Insulin Infusion Can Decrease Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Rodents by Improving Lipids, Inflammation, and

Kyoungmin Park1, Qian Li1, Net Daş Evcimen1

  • 1From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|November 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exogenous insulin reduced atherosclerosis in mice by lowering inflammation and lipids. This study investigated hyperinsulinemia

Keywords:
atherosclerosisdiabetes mellitusendothelial dysfunctionhigh-fat diethyperglycemiainsulin resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Atherosclerosis Studies

Background:

  • Hyperinsulinemia is linked to metabolic dysfunction.
  • Atherosclerosis development in hyperinsulinemic states requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if induced hyperinsulinemia exacerbates atherosclerosis.
  • To investigate the impact of exogenous insulin on atherosclerosis in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were used.
  • Hyperinsulinemia was induced via insulin pellet implantation.
  • Atherosclerosis was quantified by analyzing aortic plaque composition and markers.

Main Results:

  • Insulin-treated mice showed significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque, fat deposition, and inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, macrophages).
  • Insulin treatment improved endothelial function via eNOS/NO activation and shifted macrophage polarization.
  • Phlorizin treatment, while lowering glucose, did not affect atherosclerosis, indicating insulin's specific effects.

Conclusions:

  • Exogenous insulin administration decreased atherosclerosis in a mouse model of HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction.
  • The anti-atherogenic effects of insulin were associated with reduced inflammation, improved lipid profiles, and enhanced endothelial function.