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Seeing a Blush on the Visible and Invisible Spectrum: A Functional Thermal Infrared Imaging Study.

Stephanos Ioannou1, Paul H Morris2, Marc Baker2

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Summary

This study objectively measured blushing using infrared imaging and video analysis. Compliments increased facial temperature and skin redness, suggesting physiological responses are influenced by social context and expectations.

Keywords:
blushingcomplimentembodied cognitionphysiologyshynessthermal imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Physiology
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Previous research on blushing focused on negative social contexts and subjective measures.
  • Objective, quantifiable methods for studying positive reinforcement-induced blushing are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To objectively measure the physiological changes associated with blushing in response to positive social reinforcement (compliments).
  • To investigate the relationship between thermal patterns and visible skin color changes during induced blushing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized infrared imaging to record facial thermal patterns and video cameras for visible spectrum skin color analysis.
  • Employed a three-phase dialog protocol with female participants (N=22), incorporating compliments at the beginning or end.
  • Quantified temperature changes in specific facial regions (cheeks, forehead, peri-orbital, chin) and skin color alterations.

Main Results:

  • Compliments led to a linear increase in cheek and forehead temperature, and a decrease in peri-orbital temperature.
  • Chin temperature peaked during compliment phases, irrespective of its position in the dialog.
  • Visible spectrum analysis revealed increased skin redness (erythema) on the forehead and cheeks under compliment conditions.
  • No significant correlation was found between temperature changes and visible erythema on the forehead and cheeks.

Conclusions:

  • Blushing in response to compliments involves measurable physiological changes in facial temperature and skin color.
  • The study highlights a dissociation between subjective awareness of blushing and objective physiological responses.
  • Social context and preconceived notions about blushing may influence observable physiological reactions more than conscious awareness.