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Production Is Only Half the Story - First Words in Two East African Languages.

Katherine J Alcock1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Fylde College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 23, 2017
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Summary

Children first speak nouns but comprehend more verbs, challenging noun-centric early vocabulary theories. This study compared early word production and comprehension in two Bantu languages.

Keywords:
Bantu languagesCommunicative Development InventoriesEast Africalanguage acquisitionvocabulary acquisition

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Child Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Early vocabulary acquisition theories focus on input or child conceptualization.
  • Most research relies on word production, equating learning with speaking.
  • Production and comprehension data comparability is a methodological challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early vocabulary production and comprehension in children exposed to two Eastern Bantu languages.
  • To examine noun and verb acquisition in relation to vocabulary size and language input.
  • To compare comprehension and production data across different languages.

Main Methods:

  • Interviewed parents of 208 infants (8-20 months) using Communicative Development Inventories.
  • Assessed infants' first spoken and comprehended words.
  • Compared raw word totals and proportions to existing cross-linguistic data.

Main Results:

  • First spoken words were predominantly nouns (75-95%), while comprehended words included more verbs (15%).
  • The proportion of spoken verbs increased with vocabulary size, but not comprehended verbs.
  • Significant differences existed between comprehension and production, but not between the two languages.

Conclusions:

  • Early word production (nouns) differs from comprehension (verbs).
  • Language input or conceptualization may not fully explain these differences.
  • Pragmatic factors might influence the observed comprehension-production asymmetry.