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Related Concept Videos

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Vitiligo and Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders.

Enke Baldini1, Teresa Odorisio2, Salvatore Sorrenti1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|November 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Vitiligo, an autoimmune condition causing skin depigmentation, is linked to other autoimmune diseases, particularly thyroid disorders. This review explores the connection between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves

Keywords:
CD8+ T cellsTSH receptorautoimmune polyendocrine syndromesautoimmune thyroid diseasesreactive oxygen speciesthyroglobulintyrosinasevitiligo

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitiligo is a common autoimmune disorder causing skin, hair, and oral depigmentation.
  • It affects 0.5-1% of the global population, leading to reduced quality of life and increased risk of depression.
  • Vitiligo is associated with other systemic disorders and carries a risk of skin cancer due to UV sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of vitiligo, focusing on the autoimmune hypothesis.
  • To describe the clinical association between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disorders.
  • To discuss potential molecular mechanisms underlying this association.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and experimental findings on vitiligo pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the co-occurrence of vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  • Exploration of proposed molecular pathways linking these conditions.

Main Results:

  • The autoimmune hypothesis is the most supported explanation for vitiligo onset and progression.
  • A significant association exists between vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disorders, including Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
  • Melanocyte presence in non-skin tissues may contribute to associated systemic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Vitiligo's pathogenesis is strongly linked to autoimmunity.
  • The co-occurrence of vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease suggests shared underlying mechanisms.
  • Further research into these molecular mechanisms is warranted.