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Sense and Immunity: Context-Dependent Neuro-Immune Interplay.

Simmie L Foster1,2,3,4, Corey R Seehus1,2, Clifford J Woolf1,2

  • 1F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 23, 2017
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Sensory neurons and immune cells communicate, influencing host defense. Nociceptors (pain-sensing neurons) play a context-dependent role in immune responses, particularly in airway inflammation models.

Keywords:
allergy and immunologyasthmainflammationneuro-immunological signalingsensory neurons

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Host Defense Mechanisms
  • Tissue Homeostasis

Background:

  • The nervous and immune systems were once thought to be separate but are now known to interact closely.
  • This neuro-immune communication uses shared molecular pathways like G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokines, and neuropeptides.
  • While beneficial for host defense, this interaction can also contribute to disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reciprocal communication between sensory neurons and immune cells.
  • To understand the role of this dialog in physiological and pathological immune responses and sensory disorders.
  • To clarify the context-dependent contribution of nociceptors to immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of neuro-immune interactions in physiological and pathological contexts.
  • Investigation of the role of nociceptors in immune responses.
  • Utilizing a model of airway inflammation to study neuro-immune crosstalk.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests nociceptors are involved in driving immune responses.
  • The role of nociceptors in immunity is highly context-dependent.
  • In airway inflammation, nociceptors were found to be involved in type 2 adaptive immunity but not type 1.

Conclusions:

  • The neuro-immune axis is crucial for host defense and homeostasis.
  • Nociceptors significantly influence immune responses, with their impact varying by context.
  • Understanding neuro-immune interactions, especially the role of nociceptors in specific inflammatory conditions like type 2 airway inflammation, is vital for therapeutic strategies.