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Thyroid function in hyperemesis gravidarum.

R Swaminathan1, R K Chin, T T Lao

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.

Acta Endocrinologica
|February 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Approximately one third of women with hyperemesis gravidarum experience transient hyperthyroxinemia. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may stimulate the thyroid gland, leading to elevated thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
  • Thyroid hormone levels can be altered during pregnancy, but the relationship with HG requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid hormone profiles in women with hyperemesis gravidarum.
  • To explore the potential role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in thyroid dysfunction associated with HG.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of plasma total T4 (TT4), T3 (TT3), free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), thyroxine binding globulin, hCG, and erythrocyte zinc content.
  • Comparison of hormone levels between women with uncomplicated pregnancy and those with hyperemesis gravidarum.

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Main Results:

  • A significant proportion (approximately one third) of HG subjects exhibited transient hyperthyroxinemia (elevated TT4 and FT4).
  • Elevated TT4 levels in HG subjects spontaneously normalized during the study period.
  • Plasma FT4 concentration in HG correlated positively with plasma hCG levels, suggesting a potential link.

Conclusions:

  • Transient hyperthyroxinemia is observed in a substantial subset of women with hyperemesis gravidarum.
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or its variants may play a role in stimulating the thyroid gland during pregnancy, contributing to HG-associated thyroid changes.