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Amphibian recovery after a decrease in acidic precipitation.

Dag Dolmen1, Anders Gravbrøt Finstad2, Jon Kristian Skei3

  • 1Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. dag.dolmen@ntnu.no.

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|November 23, 2017
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Summary

Amphibian populations are recovering in Scandinavia following decades of decline caused by acidic precipitation. Water pH levels have risen, leading to a significant increase in amphibian presence and species diversity.

Keywords:
AcidityAmphibian declineHabitat recoveryScandinaviaWater chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Acidic precipitation caused significant amphibian declines in Scandinavia for decades.
  • Declines peaked around the 1980s-1990s, impacting various amphibian species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate signs of amphibian recovery in acidified areas of Scandinavia.
  • To assess changes in water pH and amphibian populations in response to environmental shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring water pH levels in ponds and lakes in Aust-Agder and Østfold, Norway, from 1988-89 to 2010.
  • Assessing amphibian population changes by recording the frequency of amphibian localities and the number of species per locality.
  • Comparing data from acidified areas with reference areas (Telemark and Nord-Trøndelag) with different buffering capacities and acid precipitation inputs.

Main Results:

  • Water pH in heavily acidified areas of southwestern Scandinavia rose significantly (average of 0.14) between 1988-89 and 2010.
  • Amphibian frequency increased from 33% to 49% across 115 localities.
  • The average number of amphibian species per locality rose from 0.51 to 0.88.
  • No significant changes in pH or amphibian populations were observed in reference areas.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first evidence of amphibian recovery following severe declines linked to acidic precipitation.
  • Rising water pH levels are directly correlated with increased amphibian populations and species diversity in formerly acidified regions.
  • Conservation efforts and reduced acid precipitation have likely contributed to the observed ecological recovery.