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Classification of indoor-outdoor location using combined global positioning system (GPS) and temperature data for
1Department of Environmental Health science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study was to determine the accuracy of indoor-outdoor classification based on GPS and temperature data in three different seasons.
Methods:
In the present study, a global positioning system (GPS) was used alongside temperature data collected in the field by a technician who visited 53 different indoor locations during summer, autumn and winter. The indoor-outdoor location was determined by GPS data alone, and in combination with temperature data.
Results:
Determination of location by the GPS signal alone, based on the loss of GPS signal and using the used number of satellites (NSAT) signal factor, simple percentage agreements of 73.6 ± 2.9%, 72.9 ± 3.4%, and 72.1 ± 3.1% were obtained for summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. However, when temperature and GPS data were combined, simple percentage agreements were significantly improved (87.9 ± 3.3%, 84.1 ± 2.8%, and 86.3 ± 3.1%, respectively). A temperature criterion for indoor-outdoor determination of ~ Δ 2°C for 2 min could be applied during all three seasons.
Conclusion:
The results showed that combining GPS and temperature data improved the accuracy of indoor-outdoor determination.
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