Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Towards the development of a mucosal vectored vaccine against enterovirus D68.

Virology·2026

Same author

Host-targeted oral avian vaccine virus demonstrates broad antiviral activity and safety in patients.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Spacio-Linear Screening for Ligand-Docking Cavities in Protein Structures: SLAM Algorithm.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Viral vector-driven trans-encapsidation of replicon RNAs as a rapid approach for the development of safe and economically attractive anti-enterovirus vaccines.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Acute Flaccid Paralysis in a Vaccinated Child With Primary Immunodeficiency: Difficulties With Diagnostics of Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis.

Journal of medical virology·2025

Same author

Post-Polio Syndrome: Impact of Humoral Immune Deficiencies, Poliovirus Neutralizing Antibodies, Vitamin D Deficiency.

Vaccines·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Pressure for Pattern-Specific Intertypic Recombination between Sabin Polioviruses: Evolutionary Implications.

Ekaterina Korotkova^1,2, Majid Laassri³, Tatiana Zagorodnyaya⁴

¹AN Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. kel@sumail.ru.

|November 23, 2017

Summary

Recombination in Sabin polioviruses eliminates "weak" genomic segments, influencing vaccine stability and attenuation. Understanding these segments aids in designing improved oral polio vaccines.

Keywords:

attenuation reversion vaccine-derived polioviruses vaccine-induced adverse reactions virulence

More Related Videos

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Rapid, Seamless Generation of Recombinant Poxviruses using Host Range and Visual Selection

Published on: May 24, 2020

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Engineering and Evolution of Synthetic Adeno-Associated Virus AAV Gene Therapy Vectors via DNA Family Shuffling

Published on: April 2, 2012

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Vaccine Development

Background:

Attenuated Sabin polioviruses are crucial for oral polio vaccines.
Recombination between poliovirus serotypes can alter viral genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize strain-specific genomic segments in Sabin polioviruses that are eliminated by recombination.
To understand the role of these segments in viral recombination and genetic stability.
To explore possibilities for designing improved oral polio vaccine candidates.

Main Methods:

Complete and partial genomic sequencing of 70 and 28 poliovirus recombinants, respectively.
Comparison of recombinant sequences with existing data to identify crossover sites and eliminated segments.

Main Results:

Distinct strain-specific segments were identified in Sabin poliovirus genomes that are eliminated through recombination.
These "weak" segments contribute to the propensity for recombination and influence crossover site selection.
The low fitness of these segments may stem from mutations during vaccine derivation or from wild-type parents.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of "weak" segment locations facilitates the design of more genetically stable and attenuated poliovirus variants for new oral polio vaccines.
Wild polioviruses and other RNA viruses may possess similar hidden low-fitness segments that are eliminated via recombination.