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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Human Protoparvoviruses.

Elina Väisänen1, Yu Fu2, Klaus Hedman3,4

  • 1Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland. elina.vaisanen@helsinki.fi.

Viruses
|November 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel human protoparvoviruses bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV), and cutavirus (CuV) have been discovered. BuV is common in diarrheal feces, while TuV and CuV require further investigation for human relevance and disease roles.

Keywords:
bufaviruscutaneous T-cell lymphomacutavirusdiscoveryemerging virusesepidemiologygastroenteritishuman protoparvovirustusavirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Human Microbiome

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing and metagenomics enable novel virus discovery.
  • Three human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV), and cutavirus (CuV), identified since 2012.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of novel human protoparvoviruses.
  • To assess the prevalence and potential etiological roles of BuV, TuV, and CuV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral DNA in human fecal and skin samples.
  • Genotyping and seroprevalence studies.
  • Sequence comparison with non-human protoparvoviruses.

Main Results:

  • Bufavirus (BuV) DNA found exclusively in diarrheal feces, suggesting a causal link; three genotypes/serotypes identified.
  • TuV DNA and antibodies are rare; sequence similarity to non-human viruses questions its human origin.
  • CuV detected in feces and skin biopsies of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and melanoma.

Conclusions:

  • BuV is the most prevalent human protoparvovirus, associated with diarrhea.
  • Evidence for TuV as a human virus is insufficient.
  • CuV shows preliminary associations with skin conditions, but etiological roles require further study.