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Epidemiologic evidence on cocaine use and panic attacks.

J C Anthony1, A Y Tien, K R Petronis

  • 1Dept. of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins U. School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore MD 21205.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Cocaine use is linked to a higher risk of panic attacks, even after accounting for other factors. This association was particularly strong in individuals who did not use marijuana.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anecdotal reports and laboratory studies suggest a link between cocaine use and panic attacks.
  • The specific relationship between cocaine and panic disorder requires further epidemiological investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between cocaine use and panic attacks using an epidemiological approach.
  • To determine if the cocaine-panic association persists after controlling for confounding variables.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving 5,896 adult household residents across five US metropolitan areas.
  • Data collected through interviews in the early 1980s, focusing on substance use and mental health disorders.
  • Statistical analyses performed to adjust for psychiatric conditions, alcohol and marijuana use, and sociodemographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Cocaine users exhibited a greater risk of panic attacks compared to non-users.
  • The association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders.
  • The highest risk was observed in cocaine users who also reported no marijuana use (relative risk = 13.0).
  • Other panic attack determinants included sex, marital status, employment, job prestige, major depression, and heavy drinking.

Conclusions:

  • Cocaine use is a significant risk factor for panic attacks.
  • The findings support a direct association between cocaine and panic attacks, independent of other common risk factors.
  • Further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced panic is warranted.

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