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Controlling disasters: Local emergency management perceptions about Federal Emergency Management and Homeland
1Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.
Journal of Emergency Management (Weston, Mass.)
|November 23, 2017
Summary
Local emergency managers understand federal policy but often follow traditional practices, not federal demands, despite post-9/11 policy changes. This study reveals a gap between federal expectations and local emergency management actions.
Area of Science:
- Emergency Management
- Public Policy Analysis
- Homeland Security Studies
Background:
- Federal policies enacted post-9/11 aimed to increase federal control over emergency management and homeland security.
- A potential disparity exists between federal policy expectations and local officials' actions during the hazard cycle.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine local emergency managers' perceptions of control during different hazard cycle stages.
- To assess the alignment between local practices and federal policy demands.
- To investigate the influence of federal policy clarity and compliance pressures on local actions.
Main Methods:
- Hypothesis testing was employed to analyze data.
- The study utilized a model from third-generation policy implementation research.
- Investigated the use of comprehensive emergency management (CEM) practices, policy clarity, and perceived coercion.
Main Results:
- Local officials' acknowledgment of federal control over tasks showed limited statistical significance.
- Respondents understood federal policy demands and supported federal control conceptually.
- Local actors reported adhering to traditional CEM principles or their own plans over federal mandates.
Conclusions:
- Federal policies may not fully align with the practical application of emergency management at the local level.
- Centralization efforts within emergency management, particularly under DHS and FEMA, face challenges.
- Local emergency managers' adherence to established practices suggests a need for policy reevaluation to better integrate with field operations.
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