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Effective interactions between inclusions in an active bath.

Mahdi Zaeifi Yamchi1, Ali Naji1

  • 1School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran.

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Summary
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We reveal how active particles in a bath create repulsive "shoulders" around colloidal inclusions, leading to complex two- and three-body forces. These forces can switch from repulsive to attractive, especially in chiral active baths.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloidal Science
  • Active Matter

Background:

  • Understanding interactions between colloidal particles is crucial in soft matter.
  • Active particles introduce unique dynamic forces not seen in equilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate effective two- and three-body interactions between non-active colloidal inclusions.
  • Analyze forces in both chiral and non-chiral active particle baths.

Main Methods:

  • Brownian dynamics simulations.
  • Utilized a 2D model of disk-shaped inclusions and active particles.

Main Results:

  • Observed non-monotonic two-body repulsion mediated by active particle layers around inclusions.
  • Identified significant three-body forces arising from overlapping active particle layers.
  • Chiral active baths induce depletion attractions between inclusions.

Conclusions:

  • Active particle layers create effective repulsive 'shoulders' on inclusions.
  • Three-body forces can dominate two-body forces and exhibit tunable attractive/repulsive regimes.
  • Chirality in active baths fundamentally alters inter-inclusion interactions.