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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Related Experiment Video

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3D Organotypic Co-culture Model Supporting Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Promiscuous Gene Expression
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Extensive Homeostatic T Cell Phenotypic Variation within the Collaborative Cross.

Jessica B Graham1, Jessica L Swarts1, Michael Mooney2

  • 1Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

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|November 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Collaborative Cross mouse model offers controlled genetic diversity for immunology research. This study identifies genetic factors influencing immune cell variations in these mice.

Keywords:
Collaborative CrossQTL mappingadaptive immunityimmunogeneticsmouse modelsregulatory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and genetics research using mouse models.

Background:

  • The Collaborative Cross (CC) provides a unique resource with high genetic diversity in reproducible mouse strains.
  • CC strains offer controlled genetic variation for studying adaptive immune states and disease models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the utility of the Collaborative Cross for immunology research.
  • To examine and genetically dissect mechanisms of adaptive immune states in genetically diverse mice.
  • To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with immune phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to link genetic variation to phenotypic traits.
  • Analyzing cellular immune phenotypes across F1 crosses of CC strains.
  • Leveraging the genetic diversity within the CC resource for dissection of immune traits.

Main Results:

  • Variations in cellular immune phenotypes were observed across F1 crosses of CC strains.
  • Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for several immune phenotypes were identified.
  • Demonstrated the CC's capability for genetic dissection of complex immune traits.

Conclusions:

  • The Collaborative Cross is a powerful tool for genetic dissection of immune responses.
  • This study advances the use of CC mice for understanding genetic underpinnings of immunity.
  • CC strains are valuable for developing mouse models of specific diseases and infections based on distinct immunophenotypes.