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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Enhancing Tumor Content through Tumor Macrodissection
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Shaoying Li1, Ken H Young1, L Jeffrey Medeiros1

  • 1Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.

Pathology
|November 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common cancer. Gene expression profiling and next-generation sequencing reveal subtypes with different prognoses, guiding precision medicine for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomadiagnostic work-upimmunohistochemistrymolecular diagnosticsmorphology

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Pathology

Background:

  • Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent non-Hodgkin lymphoma globally, accounting for 30-40% of cases.
  • DLBCL is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, impacting treatment response and prognosis.
  • The common DLBCL not otherwise specified subtype constitutes 80-85% of all DLBCL diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the heterogeneity of DLBCL not otherwise specified.
  • To discuss the impact of gene expression profiling (GEP) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) on DLBCL classification and understanding.
  • To highlight the evolving role of pathologists in DLBCL diagnosis and molecular profiling for precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling (GEP) to classify DLBCL into subtypes like germinal center B-cell like (GCB) and activated B-cell like (ABC).
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify diverse genetic abnormalities and mutation profiles within DLBCL subtypes.
  • Review of current therapeutic strategies and survival rates for DLBCL.

Main Results:

  • GEP classifies DLBCL into GCB and ABC subtypes, with GCB generally having a better prognosis.
  • NGS reveals distinct mutation profiles for GCB and ABC subtypes, underscoring molecular heterogeneity.
  • Current frontline therapy yields a 5-year overall survival rate of 60-70%.

Conclusions:

  • DLBCL classification is advancing through molecular techniques like GEP and NGS, revealing subtypes with prognostic significance.
  • A precision medicine approach, informed by molecular findings, is crucial for developing novel DLBCL therapies.
  • Pathologists play a critical role in comprehensive DLBCL work-up, including molecular studies for targeted treatment design, especially in relapsed cases.