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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates
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Strongly Coupled Magnetic and Electronic Transitions in Multivalent Strontium Cobaltites.

J H Lee1, Woo Seok Choi2,3, H Jeen2,4

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Strontium cobalt oxide (SrCoOx) exhibits coupled magnetic and electronic phase transitions. Researchers confirmed that the insulator-to-metal transition and antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition occur simultaneously near x=2.75.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • SrCoOx (x=2.5-3.0) shows reversible transitions between brownmillerite (antiferromagnetic insulator) and perovskite (ferromagnetic metal) phases.
  • Competition between these phases is expected at intermediate oxygen content (x).
  • A controversial conjecture proposed decoupled magnetic and electronic transitions during oxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between magnetic and electronic phase transitions in SrCoOx.
  • To resolve the controversy regarding the decoupling of magnetic and electronic transitions.
  • To elucidate the mechanism driving these coupled transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Optical spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of charge-spin coupling.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) occurs concurrently with the ferromagnetic (FM) transition near x=2.75.
  • Identified strong charge-spin coupling as the driving force for these concurrent transitions.
  • Demonstrated that SrCoOx exhibits near room-temperature magnetic transitions.

Conclusions:

  • SrCoOx displays coupled magnetic and electronic transitions, challenging previous decoupling hypotheses.
  • Charge-spin coupling is crucial for the observed near room-temperature magnetic behavior.
  • SrCoOx is a rare material exhibiting coupled magnetic and electronic transitions driven by reversible redox reactions.