Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

7.2K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
7.2K
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

6.1K
Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
6.1K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.6K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.6K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.3K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.3K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.1K
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

10.2K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Use of four-dimensional computed tomography to aid parathyroid localisation in primary hyperparathyroidism in British surgical practice.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England·2025
Same author

Adrenocortical carcinoma classified as benign: the limitations of washout values.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2025
Same author

The use of 10% buffered formalin as a preservative agent when cerebrospinal fluid analysis is delayed.

The Journal of small animal practice·2024
Same author

Author response: Post-thyroidectomy bleeding: analysis of risk factors from a national registry.

The British journal of surgery·2021
Same author

Intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery: analysis of United Kingdom registry of endocrine and thyroid surgery database.

The British journal of surgery·2021
Same author

Post-thyroidectomy bleeding: analysis of risk factors from a national registry.

The British journal of surgery·2021
Same journal

Prediction Models for Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Clinically Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Validation of Existing Nomograms, Model Development, and Ensemble Evaluation.

World journal of surgery·2026
Same journal

Indicators for Monitoring Recovery From Surgery to Discharge Using Accelerometer in Patients With Esophageal Cancer.

World journal of surgery·2026
Same journal

The Safety of In-Hospital Delay and the Utility of dNLR in Elderly Patients With Acute Appendicitis.

World journal of surgery·2026
Same journal

Feasibility of Post-Operative Telehealth for Pediatric Surgical Patients in Malawi-A Mixed Methods Analysis.

World journal of surgery·2026
Same journal

Surgical Infrastructure and Workforce Readiness in Rwanda's District and Level 2 Teaching Hospitals: A Nationwide Facility-Based Survey.

World journal of surgery·2026
Same journal

From General Preparedness to Injury-Pattern-Specific Trauma Resource Planning.

World journal of surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
11:28

Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics

Published on: May 11, 2016

9.0K

Hypoxia Increases Thyroid Cancer Stem Cell-Enriched Side Population.

K Mahkamova1, N Latar1, S Aspinall2

  • 1Institute of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.

World Journal of Surgery
|November 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia increases the number of thyroid cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cell lines. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are implicated in maintaining these cancer stem cells, crucial for tumor growth.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Side Population in Solid Tumor Cell Lines
06:26

Analysis of Side Population in Solid Tumor Cell Lines

Published on: February 23, 2021

4.8K
Author Spotlight: Innovative Laser Techniques for Hoechst Staining to Analyze Side Population Cells
06:31

Author Spotlight: Innovative Laser Techniques for Hoechst Staining to Analyze Side Population Cells

Published on: August 23, 2024

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
11:28

Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics

Published on: May 11, 2016

9.0K
Analysis of Side Population in Solid Tumor Cell Lines
06:26

Analysis of Side Population in Solid Tumor Cell Lines

Published on: February 23, 2021

4.8K
Author Spotlight: Innovative Laser Techniques for Hoechst Staining to Analyze Side Population Cells
06:31

Author Spotlight: Innovative Laser Techniques for Hoechst Staining to Analyze Side Population Cells

Published on: August 23, 2024

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Hypoxic stress is common in rapidly growing thyroid tumors.
  • Tumor progression is often driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs).
  • Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate hypoxic responses and are implicated in CSC maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of hypoxia in thyroid cancer stem cells.
  • To determine if hypoxia influences the population of thyroid CSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Thyroid cancer cell lines (BCPAP and SW1736) were used.
  • Cancer stem cells were isolated as side population (SP) cells.
  • Hypoxia was induced using cobalt chloride (II).

Main Results:

  • Induction of hypoxia led to an observable increase in the side population (SP) of cells.
  • This suggests hypoxia expands the CSC population in thyroid cancer cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia plays a role in the expansion of thyroid cancer stem cells.
  • The HIF pathway is likely involved in maintaining CSC properties under hypoxic conditions.