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Structural Pulmonary Abnormalities Still Evident in Schoolchildren with New Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Eveliina Ronkainen1, Marja Perhomaa, Lauri Mattila

  • 1PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Neonatology
|November 24, 2017
PubMed

Insights

New patterns of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are common in children, showing structural lung abnormalities on HRCT scans. These abnormalities correlate with BPD severity and early mechanical ventilation duration, impacting lung function.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • A novel pattern of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has emerged due to improved survival rates in preterm infants.
  • This evolving BPD presentation necessitates understanding its long-term structural lung consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the structural lung abnormalities in schoolchildren with a history of new-onset BPD using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).
  • To assess the correlation between the severity of HRCT-detected abnormalities and lung function parameters.

Main Methods:

  • HRCT scans were analyzed in 21 schoolchildren with a history of new BPD (mild, moderate, severe).
  • Radiologists used a structured scoring system to evaluate HRCT findings.
  • Lung function was assessed via spirometry (FEV1, MMEF) and DLCO.

Main Results:

  • Eighty-one percent of children exhibited at least one HRCT abnormality, including subpleural opacities, air trapping, and mosaic perfusion.
  • Higher HRCT scores were observed in the severe BPD group compared to mild/moderate groups.
  • HRCT scores negatively correlated with FEV1 and MMEF, and were associated with the duration of initial mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • Structural lung abnormalities are prevalent in schoolchildren with a history of new BPD, mirroring findings from the presurfactant era.
  • HRCT findings are linked to the duration of early mechanical ventilation and BPD severity.
  • HRCT-assessed abnormalities correlate with spirometry results, indicating persistent lung function impairment.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaHigh-resolution computed tomographyPulmonary outcomeVery preterm birth

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