[About twins: Epidemiological, genetic, and obstetrical aspects, specific risks, and outcome]

Area of Science:

• Perinatology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Rising incidence of twin pregnancies linked to assisted reproductive technology and advanced maternal age.
• Monochorionic twin pregnancies present elevated risks for maternal and fetal complications.
• Twins face increased risks of perinatal anoxia, fetal demise, preterm birth, and congenital malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review epidemiological, obstetrical, and genetic aspects of twin pregnancies.
• To examine perinatal and long-term neurological outcomes in twins.
• To assess the familial and psychosocial impact of multiple births.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data on twin pregnancies.
• Analysis of obstetrical and genetic factors in multiple births.
• Synthesis of research on perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes for twins.

Main Results:

• Twin pregnancies are associated with significantly higher risks compared to singleton pregnancies.
• Increased risks include fetal growth restriction, vascular complications, and impaired neurodevelopment.
• Psychosocial impacts on twins and families require careful consideration and management.

Conclusions:

• Twin pregnancies necessitate specialized, close medical and pediatric surveillance.
• Comprehensive management should address medical, genetic, and psychosocial dimensions.
• Understanding and mitigating risks are essential for optimizing outcomes in twin gestations.