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Related Concept Videos

Frictional Forces on Screws01:17

Frictional Forces on Screws

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Screws are characterized by a helical ridge known as a thread wrapped around a cylindrical shaft. They are commonly used as fasteners to hold objects together or to transmit power and motion in machines. One type of screw that is particularly useful for transmitting power is the square-threaded screw.
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A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. One of the key features that can make a screw jack more effective and reliable is its self-locking capability.
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In mechanical engineering, the interaction between a threaded screw shaft and a plate gear involves analyzing the resisting torque on the plate gear that can be overpowered when a specific torsional moment is applied to the shaft. To better comprehend this concept, consider a generic situation with a threaded screw shaft with a given mean radius and lead and a plate gear with a specified mean radius. The coefficient of static friction between the screw and gear is also provided.
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
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Fracture Gap Reduction With Variable-Pitch Headless Screws.

Austin J Roebke1, Logan J Roebke2, Kanu S Goyal3

  • 1Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|November 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fully threaded, variable-pitch, headless screws achieve bone fragment compression. Drilling depth and screw size impact gap closure, while reversing the screw can lose compression.

Keywords:
Fracture gapbone fragmentsheadless screw

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Surgical Materials Science

Background:

  • Fully threaded, variable-pitch, headless screws are widely used in surgical procedures, particularly for scaphoid fractures.
  • The precise impact of screw parameters and surgical techniques on bone fragment gap closure remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how screw characteristics (diameter, length, pitch variation) and drilling techniques influence gap closure in bone models.
  • To evaluate the effect of screw manipulation post-compression on maintaining fragment approximation.

Main Methods:

  • Acutrak 2 headless screws of varying sizes and lengths were inserted into polyurethane bone models (normal and osteoporotic densities).
  • Three drilling depths were tested: through the first block, 4 mm into the second, and completely through both blocks.
  • Fluoroscopic imaging quantified gap reduction, and the effect of backing the screw out post-compression was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Drilling 4 mm past the fracture site minimized distal fragment push-off compared to proximal fragment drilling only.
  • Bone model density (normal vs. osteoporotic) did not significantly affect gap closure.
  • Micro screws showed less gap closure than Standard and Mini screws.
  • Reversing the screw by one turn after initial compression resulted in significant gapping.

Conclusions:

  • Effective compression with variable-pitch headless screws requires the initial gap to be less than the achieved closure.
  • Drilling technique, screw size, and length are key factors influencing gap closure.
  • Maintaining compression is critical, as reversing the screw can immediately negate fragment approximation.