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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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LC3-associated phagocytosis in microbial pathogenesis.

Stefan Schille1, Peter Crauwels1, Rebecca Bohn1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.

International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM
|November 25, 2017
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Summary

LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) uses autophagy machinery for pathogen clearance. However, many microbes have evolved strategies to evade degradation within these LAP compartments.

Keywords:
BacteriaEvasionFungiLC3-associated phagocytosisParasites

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Phagocytosis is crucial for removing pathogens.
  • Autophagy recycles cellular components via degradation.
  • LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) enhances phagosome-lysosome fusion for pathogen elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction between pathogens and LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP).
  • To highlight pathogen strategies for evading LAP-mediated degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on LC3-associated phagocytosis and pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in LAP and pathogen evasion.

Main Results:

  • Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) is recruited to phagosomes, promoting their fusion with lysosomes.
  • Many bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens are targeted by LAP.
  • Pathogens have developed diverse mechanisms to counteract LAP and survive within host cells.

Conclusions:

  • LAP is a critical host defense mechanism against microbial pathogens.
  • Understanding pathogen evasion strategies is vital for developing new therapeutic interventions.