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Related Concept Videos

Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions01:13

Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions

4.0K
Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their secretory products.
Serous glands produce watery secretions rich in digestive enzymes and proteins. The constituent cells of the serous gland have centrally located nuclei and eosinophilic secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The parotid gland is an example of a serous gland. It secretes saliva, which contains enzymes, such as lipases and...
4.0K
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

2.5K
The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
2.5K
Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands

33.0K
Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
33.0K
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

13.2K
The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
13.2K
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

3.0K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
3.0K
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium

14.6K
Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...
14.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging
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Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2025

526

Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells.

Jonathan Ma1, Bruce K Rubin1, Judith A Voynow1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.

Chest
|November 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mucins are key proteins in airway mucus, crucial for lung defense and homeostasis. Targeting specific mucins offers new strategies for treating lung diseases beyond simply reducing mucus production.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory biology
  • Mucosal immunology
  • Glycoprotein research

Background:

  • The respiratory epithelium is protected by mucus, a complex gel critical for airway defense.
  • Mucins, the major macromolecular components of mucus, play vital roles in innate immunity and lung homeostasis.
  • Mucins are classified by their polymerization and localization: secreted non-polymerizing (MUC7), secreted polymerizing (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and cell-surface associated (MUC1, MUC4, MUC16, MUC20).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of mucins in airway defense and lung disease.
  • To highlight the regulatory mechanisms of mucins, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational modifications.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies targeting mucin function and airway milieu.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
COPDasthmacystic fibrosisgoblet cellmucin

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Mucin Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: Western Blotting for High-molecular-weight Glycoproteins
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Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging
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Mucin Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: Western Blotting for High-molecular-weight Glycoproteins
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  • Review of studies utilizing genetically modified animal models (e.g., mucin-deficient mice, cystic fibrosis pigs).
  • Analysis of research on mucin gene regulation and posttranslational modifications.
  • Examination of genetic association studies linking mucin polymorphisms to lung disease risk.

Main Results:

  • Mucins are essential innate immune mediators, influencing the clearance of microbes and pollutants.
  • Mucin dysregulation contributes to various lung diseases, including obstructive and interstitial lung diseases.
  • A MUC5B promoter polymorphism is linked to increased pulmonary fibrosis risk, indicating a role in interstitial lung disease.

Conclusions:

  • Mucins and goblet cells are critical regulators of innate immune function in the lungs.
  • Targeting specific mucins and the airway environment offers promising therapeutic avenues for lung diseases.
  • A paradigm shift is needed from broadly suppressing mucin expression to precisely regulating mucin function.