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Simulating quantum light propagation through atomic ensembles using matrix product states.

Marco T Manzoni1, Darrick E Chang1, James S Douglas2

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This study introduces a spin model to simulate quantum light propagation in Rydberg ensembles, enabling the study of many-body photon states. The method reveals how different photon numbers separate due to number-dependent group velocities.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Many-body physics

Background:

  • Interfacing quantum light with matter is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Rydberg ensembles offer strong nonlinear interactions for photons.
  • Studying many-body states of light in the large photon number limit is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new theoretical tool for analyzing light propagation in atomic ensembles.
  • To investigate the emergence of exotic many-body states of light.
  • To explore phenomena like vacuum induced transparency.

Main Methods:

  • A "spin model" is developed to map quasi one-dimensional (1D) light propagation to an open 1D interacting spin system.
  • Photon correlations are derived from spin correlations.
  • Spin dynamics are numerically solved using matrix product states.

Main Results:

  • The spin model successfully simulates light propagation and photon correlations.
  • The formalism is applied to study vacuum induced transparency.
  • Different photon number components of a pulse exhibit number-dependent group velocities, leading to separation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed spin model provides a powerful method for studying quantum light-matter interfaces.
  • This approach facilitates the investigation of many-body photon states and complex propagation phenomena.
  • The findings offer new insights into vacuum induced transparency and photon sorting in Rydberg ensembles.