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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.1K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.1K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

3.1K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
3.1K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

26.8K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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High magnesium mobility in ternary spinel chalcogenides.

Pieremanuele Canepa1,2, Shou-Hang Bo3,4,5, Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam6,7,8

  • 1Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. pcanepa@lbl.gov.

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|November 25, 2017
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Magnesium batteries offer a safer alternative to lithium-ion technology. Researchers found significant magnesium ion mobility in a specific spinel, paving the way for solid-state magnesium batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries face limitations in safety and energy density.
  • Magnesium batteries are a promising alternative, but poor magnesium ion mobility in solids has hindered development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and demonstrate substantial magnesium ion mobility in solid materials.
  • To explore the potential of magnesium batteries as a safer energy storage solution.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio calculations were employed to predict ion mobility.
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy were used for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Substantial magnesium ion mobility (0.01-0.1 mS cm⁻¹ at 298 K) was achieved in magnesium scandium selenide spinel.
  • Theoretical predictions suggest high mobility in other chalcogenide spinels.

Conclusions:

  • Close-packed frameworks, like the studied spinel, can host mobile magnesium ions.
  • This finding opens avenues for developing magnesium solid ionic conductors and all-solid-state magnesium batteries.