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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Dual CRISPR-Interference Strategy for Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions Between Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Cells
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Non-coding RNA networks in cancer.

Eleni Anastasiadou1, Leni S Jacob1, Frank J Slack1

  • 1Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|November 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators in cell biology and cancer. Understanding their complex interaction networks offers new therapeutic intervention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were once considered transcriptional byproducts.
  • Recent research highlights ncRNAs as crucial functional molecules regulating cellular processes.
  • ncRNAs play significant roles in development and disease, especially cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in cellular functions.
  • To highlight the involvement of ncRNAs as oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors in cancer.
  • To underscore the therapeutic potential of understanding ncRNA interaction networks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent decade's research on ncRNA functions.
  • Analysis of ncRNA roles in cellular processes like chromatin remodeling and signal transduction.

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  • Examination of ncRNA involvement in various cancer types.
  • Main Results:

    • ncRNAs are vital regulators of gene expression and cellular processes.
    • ncRNAs are implicated in both promoting and suppressing tumors across major cancer types.
    • Complex ncRNA networks influence cell fate and biological responses.

    Conclusions:

    • ncRNAs are essential functional molecules, not 'junk' DNA.
    • Understanding ncRNA networks is critical for cancer biology.
    • Targeting ncRNA interactions presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.