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Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization
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Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in Blade-Coated, High-Efficiency, Small-Molecule Solar Cells.

Sebastian Engmann1, Hyun Wook Ro1, Andrew A Herzing1

  • 1Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. A
|November 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) enhances blade-coated organic solar cells, achieving over 8% efficiency. This method improves film morphology, suppressing recombination for high-speed manufacturing compatibility.

Keywords:
Bulk-heterojunctionImpedance spectroscopySmall moleculeSolvent vapor annealingX-ray diffraction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Energy Science

Background:

  • Solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are promising for low-cost, large-area solar energy conversion.
  • High-speed manufacturing techniques like blade-coating are crucial for commercial viability.
  • Controlling film morphology during deposition is key to optimizing OPV performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of post-deposition solvent vapor annealing (SVA) on the performance and morphology of blade-coated bulk heterojunction OPVs.
  • To compare SVA with solvent additive processing (SA) for blade-coated and spin-coated devices.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for performance improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of bulk heterojunction OPVs using the small molecule donor p-DTS(FBTTh2)2.
  • Application of post-deposition solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with tetrahydrofuran and solvent additive processing (SA) with 1,8-diiodooctane.
  • Characterization of device performance, film morphology (electron microscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering), and charge recombination dynamics (impedance spectroscopy).

Main Results:

  • Blade-coated devices treated with SVA achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 8%, outperforming SA.
  • SVA-treated films maintained high efficiency up to ≈ 250 nm thickness, demonstrating process resilience.
  • Impedance spectroscopy revealed significantly suppressed bimolecular recombination in SVA-treated films.
  • Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering showed SVA yields smaller crystalline donor domains compared to SA, attributed to nucleation and growth control.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent vapor annealing is a superior post-deposition treatment for enhancing the performance of blade-coated organic solar cells compared to solvent additive processing.
  • SVA improves device efficiency and process tolerance by reducing bimolecular recombination, likely through controlled domain formation.
  • The findings highlight SVA as a viable strategy for high-speed manufacturing of efficient solution-processed photovoltaic devices.