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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

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The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review.

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The gastrointestinal microbiome influences host health and disease. Advances in microbiomics offer new diagnostic and therapeutic potential for small animal veterinarians.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in mammalian physiology.
  • It impacts energy homeostasis, metabolism, immunity, and neurobehavioral development.
  • The microbiome's metabolic functions extend beyond the host's capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in microbiomics.
  • To highlight the role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in small animal health and disease.
  • To prepare small animal veterinarians for future clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on microbiomics.
  • Analysis of studies on the gastrointestinal microbiome in mammals, with a focus on small animals.
  • Synthesis of information on the impact of microbiome alterations on health and disease.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiome is integral to host health, influencing numerous physiological processes.
  • Alterations in the microbiome are linked to various diseases in humans and animals.
  • Emerging research is characterizing the small animal microbiome's role in health and disease.

Conclusions:

  • The field of microbiomics has been transformed by technological advancements.
  • Understanding the small animal microbiome is critical for veterinary medicine.
  • Future veterinary practice will likely integrate microbiome-based diagnostics and therapies.