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Related Concept Videos

Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

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Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

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Elevated perseveration errors on a verbal fluency task in frequent nightmare recallers: a replication.

Michelle Carr1,2, Kadia Saint-Onge1,3, Cloé Blanchette-Carrière1,3

  • 1Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NîM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Journal of Sleep Research
|November 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with frequent idiopathic nightmares show executive dysfunction, specifically impaired inhibitory control, as evidenced by increased perseveration errors on verbal fluency tasks. This finding replicates previous research in a French-speaking cohort.

Keywords:
executive dysfunctionneurocognitive modelnightmaresperseverationverbal fluency

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Sleep Research

Background:

  • Frequent idiopathic nightmares (NM) are associated with executive dysfunction, particularly inhibitory control deficits.
  • Previous studies indicate higher perseveration errors in individuals with frequent NM during verbal fluency tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate findings on executive function deficits in frequent nightmare recallers using a French-speaking cohort.
  • To investigate inhibitory control differences between frequent nightmare recallers and controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 23 frequent nightmare recallers (≥2 NM/week) and 16 controls (≤1 NM/month) completed French verbal fluency tasks.
  • Tasks included phonetic (letters P, R, V) and semantic (first names) fluency.
  • Participants were native French speakers in good health, excluding NM.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in overall verbal fluency between frequent nightmare recallers and controls (P=0.97).
  • Frequent nightmare recallers exhibited significantly higher perseveration errors than controls (P=0.03, Cohen's d=0.745).

Conclusions:

  • Replication confirms that frequent nightmare recall is linked to executive inhibitory dysfunction.
  • Findings support a neurocognitive model implicating fronto-limbic impairment in disturbed dreaming.