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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

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Dietary supplements for cognitive impairment.

Javier Olivera-Pueyo1, Carmelo Pelegrín-Valero2

  • 1Programa de Psicogeriatría, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital San Jorge. Huesca Profesor Asociado. Universidad de Zaragoza.

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Preventing cognitive decline is crucial, as neurodegenerative dementias lack cures. Research suggests the Mediterranean diet, vitamins, and supplements like Ginkgo biloba may support brain health and cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative dementias, including Alzheimer disease, currently lack curative treatments.
  • Prevention and non-pharmacological interventions are critical research areas.
  • Cerebral aging impacts neuronal membrane lipid composition, affecting cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on non-pharmacological strategies for preventing cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • To evaluate the potential benefits of dietary patterns, vitamins, and specific supplements on cognitive health.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which these interventions may support cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating dietary interventions, vitamin supplementation, and herbal/food-derived compounds.
  • Analysis of research on the Mediterranean diet, vitamins E and B, Ginkgo biloba, green tea polyphenols, phospholipids, and omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding antioxidant effects, vasodilation, cerebral vascularization, and neuronal membrane function.

Main Results:

  • The Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially MCI-to-dementia conversion.
  • Vitamins (E, B group) show potential for preventing cognitive impairment via antioxidant effects.
  • Supplements like Ginkgo biloba, green tea polyphenols, phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine), and omega-3 fatty acids (DHA, EPA) are linked to cognitive improvement and enhanced neuronal function.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns, specific vitamins, and various supplements show promise in preventing cognitive decline and supporting cognitive function.
  • These non-pharmacological approaches offer potential avenues for managing and potentially mitigating neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies.