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Advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors.

Juan Hu¹, Zi-Yue Wang, Chen-Chen Li

¹College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. cyzhang@sdnu.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|November 25, 2017

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Single-molecule detection using quantum dots (QDs) offers ultrasensitive quantification of target molecules. These QD-based nanosensors enable direct detection of low-abundance species without amplification.

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Single-molecule detection offers a simple and ultrasensitive platform for quantifying target molecules by counting individual fluorescence signals.
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with advantageous optical and photophysical properties, including high brightness, photostability, and long fluorescence lifetime.
Combining single-molecule detection with QDs enables the development of highly sensitive QD-based nanosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in single quantum dot (QD)-based nanosensors.
To summarize applications of QD-based nanosensors for sensitive detection of various biomolecules and viruses.
To highlight challenges and future directions in the field of QD-based nanosensors.

Main Methods:

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Utilizing single-molecule detection principles combined with the unique properties of quantum dots (QDs).
Employing two main categories of QD-based nanosensors: single QD burst coincidence detection and single QD-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection.
Leveraging QD-based nanosensors for direct detection of low-abundance species without nucleic acid amplification.

Main Results:

QD-based nanosensors demonstrate significant advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, exceptional sensitivity, rapidity, and low sample consumption.
These nanosensors facilitate real-time elucidation of biological and biochemical phenomena through single QD tracking.
Successful applications include sensitive detection of DNAs, microRNAs, proteins, enzymes, small molecules, and viruses.

Conclusions:

Single quantum dot (QD)-based nanosensors represent a powerful tool for ultrasensitive molecular detection.
Their ability to detect targets directly and in real-time opens new avenues in biological and biochemical research.
Further development is needed to address current challenges and fully realize the potential of QD-based nanosensors.