Differences in distances between maxillary posterior root apices and the sinus floor according to skeletal pattern

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Radiology

Background:

• Understanding the spatial relationship between maxillary posterior root apices and the maxillary sinus is crucial for dental procedures.
• Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides detailed 3D imaging for precise anatomical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To measure distances between maxillary posterior root apices and the maxillary sinus floor.
• To investigate correlations between these distances and patient demographics (age, sex) and skeletal patterns.

Main Methods:

• CBCT scans of 118 patients (aged 10-28 years) were analyzed.
• Distances from root apices to the sinus floor were measured.
• Statistical tests compared groups based on age, sex, and skeletal patterns.

Main Results:

• Over 80% of first and second molar roots showed proximity or contact with the sinus floor.
• Males and older individuals (20-28 years) exhibited significantly closer root-to-sinus distances.
• Hyperdivergent skeletal patterns, down-canted palatal plane, and large gonial angles were associated with shorter distances.

Conclusions:

• Male sex, older age, and hyperdivergent skeletal patterns are linked to increased maxillary root protrusion into the sinus.
• The pneumatized maxillary sinus can present challenges for orthodontic intrusion of molars in these patient groups.