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Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis infections on implants.

W F Oliveira1, P M S Silva1, R C S Silva2

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

The Journal of Hospital Infection
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Implant infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common. Strategies to prevent biofilm formation on implant surfaces, like surface modification and antimicrobial compounds, are crucial for patient health.

Keywords:
BiofilmImplantsStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus epidermidis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Implant-related infections are a significant cause of implant removal, necessitating complex and costly treatments.
  • Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the primary bacterial pathogens identified in these infections.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these infections is critical for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of implant-related infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
  • To discuss methodologies for identifying antibiofilm compounds.
  • To explore strategies for modifying biomaterial surfaces to prevent bacterial adhesion and infection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Academic Google, and CAPES Journal Portal.
  • Review of epidemiological studies focusing on S. aureus and S. epidermidis implant infections.
  • Discussion of in-vitro biofilm quantification methods (e.g., crystal violet assay) and surface modification techniques.

Main Results:

  • S. aureus and S. epidermidis are frequently implicated in infections associated with catheters, orthopedic, and breast implants.
  • Crystal violet staining is a cost-effective and reproducible method for in-vitro biofilm quantification.
  • Surface modifications, including antibiotic immobilization, silver functionalization, natural compounds, and electrical treatment, show promise in preventing biofilm formation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prevention of implant-related infections requires strategies targeting biofilm formation on biomaterial surfaces.
  • Surface modification techniques offer promising avenues to combat S. aureus and S. epidermidis infections.
  • Continued research into novel antibiofilm compounds and surface functionalization is essential to improve implant outcomes.