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Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
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Cerebral peak alpha frequency predicts individual differences in pain sensitivity.

Andrew J Furman1, Timothy J Meeker1, Jeremy C Rietschel2

  • 1Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.

Neuroimage
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Brain activity patterns, specifically peak alpha frequency (PAF) measured with electroencephalography (EEG), can predict pain intensity. Slower baseline PAF and its reduction during pain indicate higher pain sensitivity and intensity.

Keywords:
BiomarkerEEGHyperalgesiaNeuropathic painOngoing oscillationsResting state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Identifying neurobiological markers for pain predisposition is crucial for developing effective pain treatments.
  • Understanding pain implementation in the brain requires identifying predictive markers.
  • Spinal central sensitization is a key mechanism in prolonged pain states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between alpha activity peak frequency and pain intensity.
  • To explore electroencephalography (EEG) markers for predicting pain predisposition.
  • To identify objective markers for subjective pain intensity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity.
  • Employed a capsaicin-heat pain (C-HP) model in primates to induce prolonged pain.
  • Recorded peak alpha frequency (PAF) during pain-free and pain states.

Main Results:

  • A slower peak alpha frequency (PAF) during a pain-free state correlated with higher reported pain intensity.
  • The decrease in PAF from a pain-free to a pain state correlated with pain intensity.
  • These two PAF metrics together explained 50% of the variability in pain intensity.

Conclusions:

  • Pain-free state PAF over sensory systems may indicate individual predisposition to prolonged pain.
  • Slowing of PAF during prolonged pain could serve as an objective marker for subjective pain intensity.
  • Findings support further research into alpha oscillations for chronic pain treatment strategies.