Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 18, 2026
07:30
A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
Published on: September 21, 2017
9.4K
Rear-facing versus forward-facing child restraints: an updated assessment
Timothy L McMurry1, Kristy B Arbogast2, Christopher P Sherwood3
1Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Summary
Child safety seats in rear-facing child restraint systems (RFCRS) are recommended for young children. While US data is limited, non-US evidence supports keeping children in RFCRS longer to reduce injuries.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric safety
- Transportation safety
- Biomechanical engineering
Background:
- Current recommendations for rear-facing child restraint systems (RFCRS) are based on lab tests and non-US data.
- Concerns about the strength of US field evidence prompted a re-evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To re-evaluate US field evidence supporting RFCRS recommendations using the NASS-CDS database.
- To analyze injury rates for infants in RFCRS versus forward-facing child restraint systems (FFCRS).
Main Methods:
- Utilized the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database (1988-2015).
- Compared injury rates for children aged 0-23 months in RFCRS and FFCRS using weighted chi-squared tests.
Main Results:
- Analysis included 1107 children; 47 sustained significant injuries (ISS ≥ 9).
- Both 0- and 1-year-olds in RFCRS showed lower injury rates than those in FFCRS.
- Sample size was insufficient for robust statistical power or covariate-controlled regression.
Conclusions:
- Non-US field data and lab tests support extended RFCRS use.
- US NASS-CDS data, while indicating lower injury rates in RFCRS, is too limited to strongly support current recommendations.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
1.7K
A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
1.7K
01:23Assessment of Respiration
2.1K
The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
2.1K
01:21Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II
8.1K
A rigid body is in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system are equal to zero.
Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?
Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?
8.1K
01:29Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
341
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
341
01:11Anatomical Positions
20.7K
In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
20.7K
01:20Attachment
581
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
581