Efficient utilization of renewable feedstocks: the role of catalysis and process design

Renewable carbon feedstocks such as biomass and CO₂ present an important element of future circular economy. Especially biomass as highly functionalized feedstock provides manifold opportunities for the transformation into attractive platform chemicals. However, this change of the resources requires a paradigm shift in refinery design. Fossil feedstocks are processed in gas phase at elevated temperature. In contrast, biorefineries are based on processes in polar solvents at moderate conditions to selectively deoxygenate the polar, often thermally instable and high-boiling molecules. Here, challenges of catalytic deoxygenation, novel strategies for separation and opportunities provided at the interface to biotechnology are discussed in form of showcases.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world'.