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Acoustic-based proton range verification in heterogeneous tissue: simulation studies.

Kevin C Jones1,2, Wei Nie3, James C H Chu1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acoustic-based proton range verification shows promise for in vivo accuracy in heterogeneous tissues like the liver and prostate. Despite reduced signal amplitudes, this technique can still precisely determine proton Bragg peak locations.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Acoustic-based proton range verification (protoacoustics) is an emerging in vivo method for determining Bragg peak position.
  • Previous studies were limited to homogeneous water tanks, neglecting the impact of tissue heterogeneity.
  • Accurate proton range verification is crucial for effective radiation therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a CT-based simulation method to model the effects of tissue heterogeneity on protoacoustic signals.
  • To assess the accuracy of protoacoustic range verification in heterogeneous liver and prostate cases.
  • To evaluate the impact of tissue heterogeneity on protoacoustic amplitude and time-of-flight accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • A CT-based simulation approach was used, mapping Hounsfield Unit values to material properties for each voxel.
  • Proton beam dose deposition and thermoacoustically-generated acoustic wave propagation were simulated using the k-Wave MATLAB toolbox.
  • Simulations were performed for liver and prostate cases, comparing heterogeneous CT data with homogenized variants.

Main Results:

  • In the liver case, tissue heterogeneity reduced protoacoustic signal amplitude by 2x compared to homogeneous simulations.
  • Protoacoustic triangulation achieved 0.4 mm accuracy for Bragg peak localization in the liver.
  • In the prostate case, closer detectors yielded higher amplitudes (92-1004 mPa), with range verification accuracy of ⩽1.6 mm for most beams.

Conclusions:

  • While tissue heterogeneity decreases protoacoustic signal amplitudes compared to water tank measurements, accurate range verification remains feasible.
  • CT-based simulations provide a valuable tool for predicting protoacoustic behavior in heterogeneous tissues.
  • Protoacoustics demonstrates potential for in vivo proton range verification in complex anatomical sites.