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Disseminated Cryptococcosis Presenting as Miliary Lung Shadows in an Immunocompetent Child

Javed Ismail1, Muthu Chidambaram1, Jhuma Sankar1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|November 28, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated cryptococcosis is rare in healthy children. This case highlights the importance of considering this fungal infection, even in immunocompetent individuals, when symptoms mimic tuberculosis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Disseminated cryptococcosis is uncommon in immunocompetent children.
  • Pulmonary and central nervous system involvement are typical in immunocompromised patients.

Observation:

  • A fatal case of disseminated cryptococcosis occurred in an immunocompetent child.
  • The presentation mimicked tuberculosis with fever of unknown origin and miliary shadows on chest X-ray.

Findings:

  • Disseminated cryptococcosis can present atypically in immunocompetent hosts.
  • Radiographic findings like miliary shadows can resemble tuberculosis.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis is crucial, especially in tuberculosis-endemic regions.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for cryptococcosis mimics in pediatric fever of unknown origin cases.

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