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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation
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Post-Operative Localization of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes in the Subthalamus Using Transcranial Sonography.

Lourdes Ispierto1, Jorge Muñoz2, Josep Maria Cladellas2

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.

Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial sonography (TCS) reliably confirms deep brain stimulation electrode placement in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) after surgery. This non-invasive method accurately identifies electrode positioning relative to the third ventricle and substantia nigra (SN).

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationParkinson's diseasesubstantia nigrasubthalamic nucleustranscranial sonography

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Accurate deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode placement is critical for surgical success in conditions like Parkinson's disease.
  • Early postoperative confirmation of electrode location is essential for patient management and surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate transcranial sonography (TCS) as a method for early postoperative confirmation of DBS electrode location.
  • To assess the reliability of TCS in identifying electrode placement within the subthalamic nucleus (STN).

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen Parkinson's disease patients undergoing DBS surgery were studied.
  • Postoperative TCS measured electrode distance to the third ventricle (axial plane) and assessed position relative to the substantia nigra (SN) (coronal plane).
  • TCS measurements were compared with postoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between TCS and CT/MRI measurements of electrode-to-third ventricle distance (r=0.75, p<0.01).
  • Distances differed significantly based on whether electrodes were sonographically identified inside or outside the SN (p<0.01).
  • A cut-off distance of 8.85mm demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity for predicting correct SN electrode placement.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial sonography is a valuable and reliable technique for confirming deep brain stimulation electrode positioning.
  • TCS can accurately determine if electrodes are placed within or outside the substantia nigra (SN).