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Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention for Migraine: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Dale S Bond¹, J Graham Thomas¹, Richard B Lipton²

¹Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

|November 28, 2017

Summary

Behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention did not significantly decrease migraine days in women with obesity compared to migraine education. Both interventions showed similar reductions in headache frequency.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Obesity Medicine
Behavioral Science

Background:

Migraine is a common neurological disorder often comorbid with overweight or obesity.
Weight loss interventions are being explored for their potential impact on migraine frequency.
Behavioral weight loss (BWL) targets lifestyle changes for weight reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of a behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention in reducing headache frequency in women with comorbid migraine and overweight or obesity.
To compare the effects of BWL versus a migraine education (ME) control group on migraine days per month.

Main Methods:

A randomized, single-blind trial involving women aged 18-50 with 4-20 migraine days/month and BMI 25.0-49.9 kg/m².
Participants were assigned to either 16 weeks of BWL (targeting exercise and eating behaviors) or ME (didactic instruction).
Headache frequency was tracked using a 4-week smartphone diary at baseline, posttreatment (16-20 weeks), and follow-up (32-36 weeks).

Main Results:

The BWL group achieved significantly greater weight loss than the ME group at both posttreatment and follow-up.
Despite successful weight loss in the BWL group, there were no significant differences in the reduction of migraine days per month between the BWL and ME groups at posttreatment or follow-up.
Both interventions resulted in similar, sustained reductions in migraine headaches.

Conclusions:

Contrary to the hypothesis, behavioral weight loss intervention did not yield greater reductions in migraine frequency compared to migraine education alone.
Both BWL and migraine education interventions demonstrated similar efficacy in reducing migraine headaches.
Future research should explore combining BWL with existing migraine treatments to potentially enhance benefits.