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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
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Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

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[Immobilization and bone remodeling disorder.]

Manabu Tsukamoto1, Akinori Sakai1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical stress is vital for bone health. Immobilization causes significant bone loss by accelerating resorption and suppressing formation, making prevention of disuse osteoporosis crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Bone Biology

Background:

  • Mechanical stress is critical for maintaining bone volume and structure.
  • Immobilization (e.g., paralysis, bedrest, casting) leads to rapid and significant bone loss.
  • Disuse osteoporosis involves accelerated bone resorption and suppressed bone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of preventing disuse osteoporosis.
  • To underscore the difficulty in fully reversing bone loss due to disuse.
  • To emphasize the need for early intervention and pathophysiology-informed treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of bone remodeling.
  • Analysis of the effects of immobilization on bone metabolism.
  • Examination of the challenges in treating established disuse osteoporosis.

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Main Results:

  • Immobilization disrupts the balance of bone remodeling, favoring resorption.
  • Molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder are increasingly understood.
  • Complete recovery from disuse-induced bone loss is challenging.

Conclusions:

  • Prevention of disuse osteoporosis is paramount.
  • Treatment strategies should consider the underlying pathophysiology.
  • Early intervention is essential for managing disuse osteoporosis.