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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Frailty?

James W Larrick1,2, Andrew R Mendelsohn1,2

  • 11 Panorama Research Institute , Sunnyvale, California.

Rejuvenation Research
|November 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A clinical trial found that allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-hMSCs) were safe for frail older adults. Modest health improvements were observed, but only at the lower cell dose, requiring further investigation.

Keywords:
agingclinical trialsfrailtymesenchymal stem cellsstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology and Therapeutics

Background:

  • Frailty is an age-related syndrome of reduced physiological reserve, increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • Aging involves stem cell depletion, impairing tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Stem cell-based therapies offer a potential strategy to address age-related frailty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-hMSCs) as a treatment for frailty.
  • To assess the impact of different doses of allo-hMSCs on healthspan in frail individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted.
  • Participants received intravenous infusions of either 100 or 200 million human allo-hMSCs.
  • Safety and clinical outcomes were monitored in aged, frail individuals.

Main Results:

  • Intravenous infusion of allo-hMSCs at both 100 and 200 million cells was safe in frail older adults.
  • Modest improvements in health outcomes were observed, but were limited to the lower dose (100 million cells).
  • The reason for the dose-dependent difference in outcomes remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a safe intervention for aged frail individuals.
  • Further research is needed to understand the observed dose-dependent effects and optimize stem cell therapy for frailty.