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Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Changes in cortical network connectivity with long-term brain-machine interface exposure after chronic amputation.

Karthikeyan Balasubramanian1, Mukta Vaidya2,3, Joshua Southerland4

  • 1Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. karthikeyanb@uchicago.edu.

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|November 29, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-machine interface (BMI) learning reshaped neural networks in amputated monkeys. Functional connectivity in motor cortex (M1) neurons changed significantly, demonstrating plasticity even after chronic deafferentation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neural Engineering
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Neural plasticity research often focuses on single neuron activity in intact subjects.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding ensemble-level neural network changes following brain-machine interface (BMI) exposure in deafferented states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ensemble-level functional connectivity changes in primary motor cortex (M1) neurons in chronically amputated monkeys using a BMI.
  • To explore the impact of BMI learning on neural networks in deafferented cortical areas.

Main Methods:

  • Implanted multi-electrode arrays in M1 contralateral and ipsilateral to amputation in three chronically amputated monkeys.
  • Monkeys controlled a multi-degree-of-freedom robot arm using BMI.
  • Analyzed ensemble-level functional connectivity changes between neuronal clusters assigned to reach and grasp control.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in network density were observed in contralateral M1 with BMI exposure.
  • Ipsilateral M1 showed initial network pruning followed by re-formation of denser connectivity.
  • Denser excitatory connections formed within neuronal clusters, while inhibitory connections increased across clusters.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical network connectivity is modifiable through BMI learning, even in chronically deafferented M1.
  • Demonstrates the potential for neural plasticity and functional network reorganization in response to prosthetic control.
  • Suggests distinct network adaptation strategies in contralateral versus ipsilateral motor cortex.