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On genes and form.

Enrico Coen1, Richard Kennaway2, Christopher Whitewoods2

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK enrico.coen@jic.ac.uk.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|November 30, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

D'Arcy Thompson's ideas on biological form are now integrated with genetics, using advances in cell, developmental, evolutionary, and computational biology. This synthesis deepens our understanding of growth and morphogenesis in plants.

Keywords:
D'Arcy ThompsonMorphogenesisPlant growth

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • D'Arcy Thompson's seminal work, *On Growth and Form*, explored how mathematical and physical principles explain biological size and shape.
  • Thompson's work, however, largely excluded the role of genetics in morphogenesis.
  • Recent scientific advancements provide a framework to bridge Thompson's concepts with genetic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate D'Arcy Thompson's theories on biological form with modern genetic and biological insights.
  • To explore how genes interact with cellular and tissue processes to influence growth and shape transformations.
  • To provide a deeper understanding of morphogenesis by connecting classical biomechanics with contemporary molecular and evolutionary biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in cell, developmental, evolutionary, and computational biology.
  • Analysis of gene interactions at subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels in plants.
  • Integration of mathematical and physical principles with genetic data to explain developmental patterns.

Main Results:

  • Thompson's concept of shape transformation through coordinate system deformation can be linked to genetic regulation.
  • Genes play a crucial role in mediating the cellular and tissue-level processes that underlie D'Arcy Thompson's described shape changes.
  • Plant growth patterns and evolutionary shape transformations are explained by gene interactions influencing development.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating Thompson's ideas with genetics offers a more comprehensive understanding of organismal form.
  • Modern biological disciplines confirm and expand upon Thompson's foundational insights into growth and form.
  • The study highlights the power of interdisciplinary approaches in deciphering complex biological phenomena like morphogenesis.